The location of one of the world’s first civilization, ‘Indus Valley Civilization’, Punjab is a state which is known for the richness of its culture, history (incorporating Sikhism and Hinduism) and its contribution to agriculture sector. Above all is the warmth and hospitality of its people. The destination is a must visit for all those exploring North India. Punjab is divided into three main regions: the Majha, the Doaba and the Malwa. The main cities which can be visited include Amritsar, Jalandhar, Ludhiana, and Patiala. It has an advantage of being well connected and is accessible by all means of transport.
The state is an important pilgrimage spot for Sikhs in India and around the world. The 'Golden temple’ in Amritsar attracts lot of devotees from far off places who come to admire its unique architectural charm. Apart from its religious significance, the state has a great history and heritage in the form of historical monuments, forts, palaces, gurudwaras and museums. Its culture over a period of time has been influenced by royal princes, Mughals and British who ruled over it till the time India achieved independence in 1947. Since this state borders Pakistan, there are two main posts from where one can peep onto the land which was once a significant part of Punjab and experience the emotions of people separated by borders.
The population in Punjab mainly consists of three main communities: Sikhs, Hindus and Muslims. Within the communities there are many tribal, social and economic groups. Punjabi people, despite a large part of the population migrating and settling abroad are closer to their roots and still follow the joint family system in their society. Their music and folk dance 'Bhangra' is a proof of their liveliness and positivism with which they celebrate life.
Two famous fairs of the region which attract avid travelers from world over are:
- 'Hola Mohalla' in Anandpur Sahib, 90 kms away from Chandigarh, celebrated in Mid-March, immediately after the colorful festival of Holi. Prophet of the Sikhs, Sri Guru Gobind Singh ji had started this fair in 1700-AD. To the traditional festival of the colors, Holi, he added spiritual and martial dimensions. The fair begins a few days before Holi & is marked by the congregation of Sikh from all over the State, who arrive on trucks and tractors. The day after Holi, called Hola, begins with the singing of the divine hymns in the ambrosial hours of very early morning. With the dawning of the day the Nihangs called the Guru's beloved force and a colorful sect of the Sikhs come centre-stage. They still wear traditional robes and armor of blue and saffron colors and all steel.
- Baisaki National Fair (April), Talwandi Sabo, Bathinda: On the day of Baisakhi, men and women emerge singing and dancing from all the villages, carrying a portion of the first harvest of wheat. They make an offering of it in the main gurudwara. Devotees from far off places run free kitchens here. The next day is taken over by the Nihangs and their awe-inspiring feats of the martial arts.
The weather in Punjab is a bit extreme like other states of Northern India. In summers, the temperature might reach up to 45 degrees and one should carry plenty of water to avoid dehydration. In winters, on the other hand, the temperature might drop till 5-1 degrees and requires one to be dressed in warm woolens for the weather.